---
title: "PT-141 10mg"
url: "https://lotuspeptide.com/peptide/pt-141"
canonical: "https://lotuspeptide.com/peptide/pt-141"
type: "product"
brand: "LotusPeptide"
strength: "10 mg"
currency: "USD"
price_low: "30.00"
price_high: "210.00"
availability: "in stock"
ships_from: "United States"
ships_to: ["US", "GB", "IE", "FR", "DE", "NL", "BE", "LU", "ES", "PT", "IT", "AT", "DK", "SE", "FI"]
handling_time_business_days: 1
returns: "not accepted"
replacements_and_refunds: "damaged or lost items"
intended_use: "Laboratory research use only"
image: "https://lotuspeptide.com/order/api/media/products/51.webp?size=full&v=1"
updated: "2026-10-17"
order_url: "https://lotuspeptide.com/order/p/51"
synonyms: "PT-141, PT141, PT 141, Bremelanotida, Bremelanotidum, Vyleesi (TN)"
cas: "189691-06-3"
formula: "C50H68N14O10"
molecular_weight: "1025.2 g/mol"
sequence: "Ac-Nle-cyclo-(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys-OH)"
pubchem: "9941379"
written_by: "LotusPeptide research team"
---

# PT-141 10mg

> PT-141, or bremelanotide, is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) that activates melanocortin receptors. It was developed by Palatin Technologies as an analog of melanotan II. As Vyleesi, bremelanotide acetate has been FDA-approved since June 2019 for one defined indication, and the material discussed here is a laboratory research compound.

## Packs and prices

- Availability: In stock
- Order: https://lotuspeptide.com/order/p/51

| Pack | Price | Per vial |
|---|---|---|
| Single Vial | $30 | $30 |
| 5-Pack (5 vials) | $140 | $28 |
| 10-Pack (10 vials) | $210 | $21 |

## Lab results

Certificates for this compound are published on the [lab results page](https://lotuspeptide.com/coa) as batches are tested.

## At a glance

- Strength: 10 mg
- Also known as: PT-141, PT141, PT 141, Bremelanotida, Bremelanotidum, Vyleesi (TN)
- CAS number: 189691-06-3
- Molecular formula: C50H68N14O10
- Molecular weight: 1025.2 g/mol
- Sequence: Ac-Nle-cyclo-(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys-OH)
- PubChem CID: 9941379
- Availability: In stock
- Ships from: United States
- Intended use: Laboratory research use only
- Page updated: 2026-10-17

Written by LotusPeptide research team.

PT-141, or bremelanotide, is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) that activates melanocortin receptors [5][7]. It was developed by Palatin Technologies as an analog of melanotan II [1][17]. As Vyleesi, bremelanotide acetate has been FDA-approved since June 2019 for one defined indication, and the material discussed here is a laboratory research compound [5][6].

## What PT-141 is

PT-141 is the name under which Palatin Technologies developed bremelanotide, and PubChem lists PT-141, PT141 and PT 141 as synonyms of the same molecule [2][10][17]. A 2006 review by University of Arizona researchers, covering melanotan I and [Melanotan II](https://lotuspeptide.com/peptide/melanotan-ii), described PT-141 as a new analog of melanotan II [1]. Early Palatin papers describe it as a synthetic peptide analog of alpha-MSH and an agonist at melanocortin receptors, including MC3R and MC4R [7]. The FDA label describes bremelanotide as a melanocortin receptor agonist [5].

## Chemical identity

The FDA label describes bremelanotide acetate as a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide with an acetylated amino terminus and a free acid at the carboxyl terminus, with the structure Ac-Nle-cyclo-(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys-OH) [5]. PubChem lists the free base under CID 9941379, with the formula C50H68N14O10, a molecular weight of 1025.2 g/mol and CAS number 189691-06-3 [2]. A CAS-style name listed among PubChem's synonyms describes the ring as a lactam between the aspartic acid and lysine side chains, written (2->7)-lactam [2].

The salt form matters when comparing material, because the label gives the formula of the approved drug substance as C50H68N14O10 with between one and two molecules of acetic acid, and states the molecular weight of 1025.2 on a free-base basis [5]. PubChem keeps a separate record for bremelanotide acetate, CID 91971505, drawn as a 1:1 salt with the formula C52H72N14O12, a molecular weight of 1085.2 g/mol and CAS number 1607799-13-2 [3]. The label states that each syringe contains 1.75 mg of bremelanotide, equivalent to 1.89 mg of bremelanotide acetate [5].

Bremelanotide and melanotan II share the same ring and side chains but end differently [2][4]. Melanotan II ends in an amide, and PubChem gives it the formula C50H69N15O9 and a weight of 1024.2 g/mol [4]. Bremelanotide ends in a free carboxylic acid, so the two molecules differ by less than one mass unit [2][4]. PubChem's monoisotopic masses are 1024.524 Da for bremelanotide and 1023.540 Da for melanotan II [2][4].

## Receptor pharmacology

The label states that bremelanotide activates several melanocortin receptor subtypes nonselectively, in the order of potency MC1R, MC4R, MC3R, MC5R and MC2R [5]. It adds that MC4R-expressing neurons are present in many areas of the central nervous system, and that MC1R is expressed on melanocytes, where binding leads to melanin expression and increased pigmentation [5]. A 2019 review describes the molecule as having high affinity for the MC4R, a receptor thought to be important in sexual function [17]. The label also states that the mechanism behind its effect in the approved indication is unknown [5]. In people, the label reports a mean terminal half-life of about 2.7 hours, and it describes metabolism as multiple hydrolyses of the amide bonds of the cyclic peptide [5].

## Published research

### Animal studies

In early Palatin work, PT-141 produced penile erections in rats and nonhuman primates, and increased c-Fos immunoreactivity, a marker of neuronal activation, in the rat hypothalamus [7]. A 2004 study in female rats reported that PT-141 increased solicitational behaviors without changing lordosis, pacing or general motor activity [8]. A later review of the preclinical work reported that infusions into the lateral ventricles or the medial preoptic area increased solicitations, while infusions into the ventromedial hypothalamus did not [19].

### Early human studies

Two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of an intranasal form enrolled healthy men and men with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction, measured erectile response with RigiScan, and reported a mean half-life of 1.85 to 2.09 hours in the healthy men [9]. Flushing and nausea were the most common adverse events in those studies [9]. A 2006 crossover study in 18 premenopausal women with female sexual arousal disorder measured vaginal vasocongestion by photoplethysmography and collected questionnaires over the following 24 hours [10]. More women reported moderate or high desire after bremelanotide than after placebo, while vaginal vasocongestion did not change significantly [10]. A phase 2b trial in premenopausal women randomized participants to placebo or one of three bremelanotide strengths for 12 weeks, with 327 participants in the efficacy data [11]. Its primary endpoint was the change in satisfying sexual events per month, with Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and distress-scale scores as secondary endpoints [11].

### Phase 3 trials

The two identical RECONNECT trials randomized 1,267 premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) to bremelanotide or placebo for 24 weeks [12]. The coprimary endpoints were the change in the FSFI desire domain and in item 13 of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Desire/Arousal/Orgasm (FSDS-DAO) [12]. Both trials reported statistically significant differences from placebo on both endpoints, and nausea, flushing and headache were more frequent with bremelanotide [12]. The label reports no significant difference between groups in satisfying sexual events, a secondary endpoint [5]. It also reports that more women in the bremelanotide groups left the 24-week phase early than in the placebo groups, 40% versus 13% in one trial and 39% versus 25% in the other [5]. Of 856 eligible women who completed the core phase, 684 entered a 52-week open-label extension and 272 completed it [13].

A 2022 review of the full clinical program counted 3,500 subjects in 43 completed studies [14]. It reported that focal hyperpigmentation occurred in more than one-third of subjects given bremelanotide daily for up to 16 consecutive days, and that ambulatory monitoring showed small, transient increases in blood pressure [14].

[Kisspeptin](https://lotuspeptide.com/peptide/kisspeptin) has also been studied in this area. A 2022 randomized crossover trial gave kisspeptin-54, not the kisspeptin-10 covered on that page, to premenopausal women with HSDD and measured brain responses to erotic videos and faces by functional MRI [18].

## Regulatory status

As of October 2026, Drugs@FDA lists Vyleesi (bremelanotide acetate) under NDA 210557, approved on June 21, 2019 as a new molecular entity, with Cosette as the application holder and a prescription marketing status [6]. The label states that Vyleesi is indicated for the treatment of premenopausal women with acquired, generalized HSDD, as characterized by low sexual desire that causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty and is not due to a co-existing condition, relationship problems or a medication [5]. The same label states that it is not indicated for HSDD in postmenopausal women or in men, and not indicated to enhance sexual performance [5]. Palatin sponsored the phase 3 trials and licensed North American rights to AMAG Pharmaceuticals, which submitted the application [17].

## What is not known

The label states that the mechanism of action in the approved indication is unknown [5]. The open-label extension was uncontrolled, and its statistical analyses were descriptive [13]. The published male studies were early-phase trials of an intranasal form [9]. The size of the effect is debated: a 2021 re-analysis argued that many prespecified outcomes were not reported and that discontinuation for adverse events was substantially higher with bremelanotide [15]. A 2021 commentary questioned the outcome measures on which FDA approval was based [16]. A 2026 stress-degradation study detected eight degradation products, formed through deacetylation, peptide-bond hydrolysis, oxidation and epimerization [20]. That study reported significant susceptibility to oxidative conditions, with degradation also under basic, thermal and photolytic stress [20]. Published certificates of analysis are listed with [our lab results](https://lotuspeptide.com/coa).

## Questions

### Is PT-141 the same as bremelanotide?

Yes. PT-141 is the name under which Palatin Technologies developed bremelanotide, and PubChem lists PT-141, PT141 and PT 141 as synonyms of bremelanotide, CID 9941379 [2][10][17]. Vyleesi is the FDA-approved product that contains bremelanotide as its acetate salt [5][6].

### Is PT-141 the same as melanotan II?

No. PT-141 was developed as an analog of melanotan II [1], and the two share a ring and side chains [2][4]. Melanotan II ends in an amide (C50H69N15O9), while bremelanotide ends in a free carboxylic acid (C50H68N14O10), so they are different molecules with separate PubChem records [2][4].

### Is bremelanotide FDA approved?

Yes, as Vyleesi, under NDA 210557, approved on June 21, 2019 [6]. The label indicates it for premenopausal women with acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder, and states it is not indicated for postmenopausal women, for men, or to enhance sexual performance [5].

### What is the difference between bremelanotide and bremelanotide acetate?

Bremelanotide acetate is the peptide paired with acetic acid as a counter-ion. PubChem lists the free base as C50H68N14O10 at 1025.2 g/mol and a 1:1 acetate as C52H72N14O12 at 1085.2 g/mol [2][3]. The FDA label gives the approved drug substance between one and two acetates per peptide and states its weight on a free-base basis [5].

### Which receptors does PT-141 act on?

The label describes bremelanotide as a nonselective melanocortin receptor agonist, with an order of potency of MC1R, MC4R, MC3R, MC5R and MC2R [5]. Activity at MC1R on melanocytes is linked to increased pigmentation, and a 2019 review highlights its high affinity for MC4R [5][17].

### Does LotusPeptide ship PT-141 to the UK and Europe?

Yes. PT-141 ships from the United States to the United Kingdom and 13 EU countries by UPS Worldwide Express: $55 flat for a standard package, typically 2 to 5 days in transit. Import VAT, duties and fees are paid by the recipient on delivery, and orders to the UK and Europe are paid in cryptocurrency at checkout. Details are on the [UK and Europe page](https://lotuspeptide.com/uk-eu).

### Is there a certificate of analysis for PT-141?

Not yet. No batch certificate for PT-141 is published at the moment. Certificates are added to the [lab results page](https://lotuspeptide.com/coa) as each batch is tested.


## References

1. [Hadley ME, Dorr RT. Melanocortin peptide therapeutics: historical milestones, clinical studies and commercialization. Peptides. 2006.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16412534/)
2. [PubChem. Bremelanotide (CID 9941379).](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9941379)
3. [PubChem. Bremelanotide Acetate (CID 91971505).](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/91971505)
4. [PubChem. melanotan-II (CID 92432).](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/92432)
5. [DailyMed. VYLEESI- bremelanotide injection (prescribing information).](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f1d0c1b5-2f39-4bad-a6a4-0066e3ad5dcf)
6. [Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs. New Drug Application (NDA) 210557, Vyleesi (Autoinjector).](https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=210557)
7. [Molinoff PB, Shadiack AM, Earle D, et al. PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12851303/)
8. [Pfaus JG, Shadiack A, Van Soest T, et al. Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15226502/)
9. [Diamond LE, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic effects of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy males and patients with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2004.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14963471/)
10. [Diamond LE, Earle DC, Heiman JR, et al. An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist. J Sex Med. 2006.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16839319/)
11. [Clayton AH, Althof SE, Kingsberg S, et al. Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial. Womens Health (Lond). 2016.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27181790/)
12. [Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, et al. Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2019.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599840/)
13. [Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, et al. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Obstet Gynecol. 2019.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599847/)
14. [Clayton AH, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, et al. Safety Profile of Bremelanotide Across the Clinical Development Program. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2022.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35147466/)
15. [Spielmans GI. Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for "Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder" in Women. J Sex Res. 2021.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33678061/)
16. [Mintzes B, Tiefer L, Cosgrove L. Bremelanotide and flibanserin for low sexual desire in women: the fallacy of regulatory precedent. Drug Ther Bull. 2021.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34642243/)
17. [Dhillon S, Keam SJ. Bremelanotide: First Approval. Drugs. 2019.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31429064/)
18. [Thurston L, Hunjan T, Ertl N, et al. Effects of Kisspeptin Administration in Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36287566/)
19. [Pfaus J, Giuliano F, Gelez H. Bremelanotide: an overview of preclinical CNS effects on female sexual function. J Sex Med. 2007.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17958619/)
20. [Yuvaraaj VK, Sharma N. Comprehensive characterization of bremelanotide acetate and its degradants by LC-HRMS/MS and predicting epimerization through computational modelling. Anal Methods. 2026.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42485063/)

_This page summarises published laboratory research and cites its sources. It is not medical advice and makes no claim that the compound treats, cures or prevents any condition. LotusPeptide sells it for laboratory research use only._

## Shipping and returns

- Orders are processed and shipped within 1 business day.
- UK and Europe (14 countries): UPS Worldwide Express, $55 flat for a standard package, typically 2 to 5 days in transit; import VAT and duties are paid by the recipient on delivery. Details: https://lotuspeptide.com/uk-eu
- Returns are not accepted.
- Replacements and refunds are offered on damaged or lost items.

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