---
title: "Glutathione 600mg"
url: "https://lotuspeptide.com/peptide/glutathione"
canonical: "https://lotuspeptide.com/peptide/glutathione"
type: "product"
brand: "LotusPeptide"
strength: "600 mg"
currency: "USD"
price_low: "30.00"
price_high: "200.00"
availability: "out of stock"
ships_from: "United States"
ships_to: ["US", "GB", "IE", "FR", "DE", "NL", "BE", "LU", "ES", "PT", "IT", "AT", "DK", "SE", "FI"]
handling_time_business_days: 1
returns: "not accepted"
replacements_and_refunds: "damaged or lost items"
intended_use: "Laboratory research use only"
image: "https://lotuspeptide.com/order/api/media/products/52.webp?size=full&v=1"
updated: "2026-10-17"
order_url: "https://lotuspeptide.com/order/p/52"
synonyms: "Glutathione, reduced glutathione, L-Glutathione, GSH, Glutathione (reduced), L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine"
cas: "70-18-8"
formula: "C10H17N3O6S"
molecular_weight: "307.33 g/mol"
sequence: "gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly"
pubchem: "124886"
written_by: "LotusPeptide research team"
---

# Glutathione 600mg

> Glutathione is a tripeptide, gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, in which an unusual bond joins cysteine to the gamma-carboxyl group of glutamate. Cells make it from these three amino acids, and it is the most abundant low-molecular-weight thiol they contain. FDA's 2022 advisory committee minutes describe it as not a component of any FDA-approved drug, and as of October 2026 it is still under evaluation for FDA's compounding list; the material on this page is sold only for laboratory research.

## Packs and prices

- Availability: Out of stock

| Pack | Price | Per vial |
|---|---|---|
| Single Vial | $30 | $30 |
| 5-Pack (5 vials) | $130 | $26 |
| 10-Pack (10 vials) | $200 | $20 |

## Lab results

Certificates for this compound are published on the [lab results page](https://lotuspeptide.com/coa) as batches are tested.

## At a glance

- Strength: 600 mg
- Also known as: Glutathione, reduced glutathione, L-Glutathione, GSH, Glutathione (reduced), L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine
- CAS number: 70-18-8
- Molecular formula: C10H17N3O6S
- Molecular weight: 307.33 g/mol
- Sequence: gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly
- PubChem CID: 124886
- Availability: Out of stock
- Ships from: United States
- Intended use: Laboratory research use only
- Page updated: 2026-10-17

Written by LotusPeptide research team.

Glutathione is a tripeptide, gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, in which an unusual bond joins cysteine to the gamma-carboxyl group of glutamate [1][2]. Cells make it from these three amino acids, and it is the most abundant low-molecular-weight thiol they contain [2][3]. FDA's 2022 advisory committee minutes describe it as not a component of any FDA-approved drug, and as of October 2026 it is still under evaluation for FDA's compounding list [12][13]; the material on this page is sold only for laboratory research.

## What glutathione is

The cysteine residue carries a free sulfhydryl (-SH) group, which takes part in the reduction and conjugation reactions that define glutathione's chemistry [3]. Because the glutamate-cysteine bond runs through the gamma-carboxyl group, the only enzyme that can hydrolyze it is gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) [2]. Glutathione therefore resists breakdown inside cells and is metabolized extracellularly, by cells that express GGT [2]. It is present in mammalian tissues at 1 to 10 mM, with the highest concentration in liver, and 80 to 85% of cellular glutathione is in the cytosol [2]. The bulk of plasma glutathione comes from the liver, which exports nearly all the glutathione it makes into plasma and bile [2].

## Chemical identity: GSH and GSSG

PubChem records reduced glutathione as CID 124886, with the formula C10H17N3O6S, a molecular weight of 307.33 g/mol and CAS number 70-18-8, and lists GSH, L-glutathione and reduced glutathione among its synonyms [1]. When two GSH molecules each donate one electron, they become glutathione disulfide (GSSG), the oxidized form [9]. PubChem records GSSG as a separate compound, CID 65359, with the formula C20H32N6O12S2 and a molecular weight of 612.6 g/mol [4]. Inside cells, GSH accounts for more than 98% of total glutathione, and the ratio of GSH to GSSG largely determines the intracellular redox potential [2]. GSSG can also exchange with protein thiols to form protein mixed disulfides, and some GSSG is secreted from cells [3]. The two forms have separate PubChem records, formulas and weights [1][4].

## Synthesis and enzyme reactions

Glutathione is made in the cytosol in two ATP-requiring steps [2]. Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit, catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step, and glutathione synthetase (GS) catalyzes the second [2]. Cysteine availability and GCL activity are the key determinants of synthesis, and GSH exerts negative feedback inhibition on GCL but not on GS [2].

Glutathione peroxidases reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides as GSH is oxidized to GSSG, and GSSG reductase then reduces GSSG back to GSH at the expense of NADPH [2]. NADPH belongs to the NADP+/NADPH redox couple, which together with the NAD+/NADH couple of [NAD+](https://lotuspeptide.com/peptide/nad-plus) maintains cellular redox homeostasis [7]. GPx1 to GPx4 contain selenium, and GPx4, which reduces hydroperoxy groups of complex lipids, is a key regulator of the cell-death process called ferroptosis [6]. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) make up three mammalian families, cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal (MAPEG) [5]. They act on electrophilic xenobiotics and inactivate aldehydes, quinones, epoxides and hydroperoxides formed during oxidative stress, and they conjugate 4-hydroxynonenal with glutathione [5].

Mitochondria are a particular focus, since a review of glutathione synthesis describes GSH as particularly important there for defense against oxidative stress [2]. In a 2019 study in aged female mice, eight weeks of the mitochondria-targeted peptide [SS-31](https://lotuspeptide.com/peptide/ss-31) left the glutathione redox status of skeletal muscle more reduced [8]. Thiol redox proteomics in the same study showed a reversal of cysteine S-glutathionylation across the muscle proteome [8].

## Stability in solution and measurement

A 2024 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study followed GSH in phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 over about eight days and reported that it is susceptible to oxidation over time in that buffer, which the authors linked to the exposed sulfhydryl group of cysteine [10]. In its 2022 review, FDA described glutathione as stable at room temperature as a solid [11]. The same review called aqueous solutions stable with proper formulation, including protection from oxygen, pH buffering and controlled storage temperature [11].

Measurement has its own pitfall. Because GSH far exceeds GSSG in blood (about 500 to 1), a 2016 review calculated that oxidation of only 1% of GSH during sample handling would bias the measured GSSG by about 150% [9]. The authors recommend blocking the thiol with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) before samples are acidified, and they name LC-MS/MS as the preferred way to measure GSH and GSSG together [9]. Published certificates of analysis are listed with [our lab results](https://lotuspeptide.com/coa).

## Regulatory status

FDA's minutes of its June 8, 2022 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting describe glutathione as neither the subject of a USP or NF monograph nor a component of an FDA-approved drug [12]. The oxidized form does appear in an approved product: the label of BSS PLUS, a sterile intraocular irrigating solution, lists glutathione disulfide (oxidized glutathione) as an ingredient [16]. At the 2022 meeting FDA proposed that glutathione not be placed on the 503A bulks list, and the committee voted 8 yes, 5 no and 1 abstaining in favor of placing it [12]. FDA had evaluated 24 nominated uses and stated significant safety concerns about intravenous and inhaled formulations [11]. As of October 2026, FDA's list of nominated substances, updated May 14, 2026, keeps glutathione in category 1, bulk drug substances under evaluation [13].

In August 2026, FDA reported at least 30 patients with adverse events after intravenous glutathione prepared by compounding pharmacies from one lot labeled dietary supplement grade [14]. FDA said that grade is not an appropriate ingredient for such drugs and that the symptoms were consistent with excessive endotoxin exposure [14]. It had raised a similar concern about a dietary-supplement glutathione powder in 2019 [15]. The glutathione on this page is a laboratory chemical, not a medicine or supplement.

## Published research

In a 1992 study of 7 healthy volunteers, plasma glutathione, cysteine and glutamate did not rise significantly over 270 minutes after a single oral administration, which the authors attributed to hydrolysis by intestinal and hepatic GGT [17]. A 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 54 non-smoking adults measured glutathione in whole blood, erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and buccal cells at two daily intake levels [18]. Blood levels rose against baseline in both groups and in most cases returned to baseline after a 1-month washout [18]. FDA's reviewer noted that the authors considered the role of direct absorption in these findings unknown [11]. A 4-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 40 healthy adults measured urinary F2-isoprostanes, urinary 8-OHdG and erythrocyte GSH and GSSG by LC-MS/MS, and found no significant changes [19]. In a 3-month Phase IIb trial, 45 people with Parkinson's disease were randomized to intranasal placebo or one of two glutathione arms [20]. All groups improved on the total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score, including placebo, neither glutathione group was superior to placebo, and one participant in the higher arm developed cardiomyopathy [20].

## What is not known

The human studies above disagree on whether oral glutathione raises body stores, and the extent of direct absorption is not known [17][18][11]. Published GSH to GSSG ratios are hard to compare: the 2016 review found that they vary widely among laboratories, largely because GSH oxidizes artificially during sample handling, and that only a few clinical studies have used artifact-free methods [9]. Much of the glutathione peroxidase biology is also preclinical: a 2020 review noted that most of the findings it compiled come from tissue culture or animal studies and that their relevance to human physiology is sometimes questionable [6]. FDA's 2022 review found no studies of intravenous glutathione safety in chronic use and insufficient data on reproductive or developmental toxicity [11]. The Parkinson's trial authors wrote that longer studies in larger groups would be needed to judge sustained effects [20].

## Questions

### What is the difference between GSH and GSSG?

GSH is reduced glutathione, the thiol form, and GSSG is glutathione disulfide, formed when two GSH molecules each donate one electron [9]. GSSG has its own PubChem record, CID 65359, with nearly twice the molecular weight of GSH [4][1]. In cells, GSH makes up more than 98% of total glutathione, and glutathione reductase converts GSSG back to GSH using NADPH [2].

### Is glutathione a peptide?

Yes, it is a tripeptide of glutamate, cysteine and glycine, but an unusual one [3]. Glutamate is linked to cysteine through its gamma-carboxyl group, and only gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase can hydrolyze that bond, so glutathione resists breakdown inside cells [2].

### Is glutathione FDA-approved?

No drug with reduced glutathione as its ingredient was FDA-approved as of FDA's June 2022 advisory committee minutes, and the committee voted 8 to 5, with 1 abstaining, in favor of adding it to the 503A compounding list against FDA's proposal [12]. As of October 2026, FDA's list updated May 14, 2026 keeps glutathione in category 1, under evaluation [13]. The oxidized form, glutathione disulfide, is an ingredient of the approved eye irrigating solution BSS PLUS [16].

### Is oral glutathione absorbed in people?

Studies disagree. A 1992 study in 7 volunteers found no significant rise in plasma glutathione after one oral administration and attributed this to hydrolysis by GGT in the gut and liver [17]. A 6-month trial in 54 adults found higher glutathione in blood and other compartments against baseline [18], while a 4-week trial in 40 adults found no change in erythrocyte GSH or oxidative stress markers [19].

### Which enzymes make glutathione?

Two ATP-requiring enzymes in the cytosol: glutamate-cysteine ligase, which catalyzes the rate-limiting first step, and glutathione synthetase, which catalyzes the second [2]. GSH inhibits glutamate-cysteine ligase by negative feedback, and cysteine supply is a key determinant of how much is made [2].

### Does LotusPeptide ship Glutathione to the UK and Europe?

Yes. Glutathione ships from the United States to the United Kingdom and 13 EU countries by UPS Worldwide Express: $55 flat for a standard package, typically 2 to 5 days in transit. Import VAT, duties and fees are paid by the recipient on delivery, and orders to the UK and Europe are paid in cryptocurrency at checkout. Details are on the [UK and Europe page](https://lotuspeptide.com/uk-eu).

### Is there a certificate of analysis for Glutathione?

Not yet. No batch certificate for Glutathione is published at the moment. Certificates are added to the [lab results page](https://lotuspeptide.com/coa) as each batch is tested.


## References

1. [PubChem. Glutathione, CID 124886. National Library of Medicine.](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/124886)
2. [Lu SC. Glutathione synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22995213/)
3. [Forman HJ, Zhang H, Rinna A. Glutathione: overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis. Mol Aspects Med. 2009.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18796312/)
4. [PubChem. Glutathione Disulfide, CID 65359. National Library of Medicine.](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/65359)
5. [Hayes JD, Flanagan JU, Jowsey IR. Glutathione transferases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15822171/)
6. [Brigelius-Flohé R, Flohé L. Regulatory Phenomena in the Glutathione Peroxidase Superfamily. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2020.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31822117/)
7. [Xiao W, Wang RS, Handy DE, et al. NAD(H) and NADP(H) Redox Couples and Cellular Energy Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2018.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28648096/)
8. [Campbell MD, Duan J, Samuelson AT, et al. Improving mitochondrial function with SS-31 reverses age-related redox stress and improves exercise tolerance in aged mice. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30597195/)
9. [Giustarini D, Tsikas D, Colombo G, et al. Pitfalls in the analysis of the physiological antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and its disulfide (GSSG) in biological samples: An elephant in the room. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2016.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26905452/)
10. [Arora Y, Samkaria A, Maroon JC, et al. Longitudinal Monitoring of Glutathione Stability in Different Microenvironments. Neurochem Res. 2024.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39546088/)
11. [U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) meeting transcript, June 8, 2022.](https://www.fda.gov/media/161294/download)
12. [U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Final Summary Minutes of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee Meeting, June 8, 2022.](https://www.fda.gov/media/161293/download)
13. [U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Updated May 14, 2026.](https://www.fda.gov/media/94155/download)
14. [U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA reminds compounders not to use dietary supplement grade glutathione for injectables. Content current as of 08/27/2026.](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/fda-reminds-compounders-not-use-dietary-supplement-grade-glutathione-injectables)
15. [U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA highlights concerns with using dietary ingredient glutathione to compound sterile injectables. Compounding Alert: June 7, 2019.](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/fda-highlights-concerns-using-dietary-ingredient-glutathione-compound-sterile-injectables)
16. [DailyMed. BSS PLUS (balanced salt solution enriched with bicarbonate, dextrose, and glutathione) kit. Alcon Laboratories, Inc.](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9b6d7322-4a90-b31e-9fbb-f1fba1343608)
17. [Witschi A, Reddy S, Stofer B, et al. The systemic availability of oral glutathione. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1362956/)
18. [Richie JP Jr, Nichenametla S, Neidig W, et al. Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione. Eur J Nutr. 2015.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24791752/)
19. [Allen J, Bradley RD. Effects of oral glutathione supplementation on systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in human volunteers. J Altern Complement Med. 2011.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21875351/)
20. [Mischley LK, Lau RC, Shankland EG, et al. Phase IIb Study of Intranasal Glutathione in Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2017.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28436395/)

_This page summarises published laboratory research and cites its sources. It is not medical advice and makes no claim that the compound treats, cures or prevents any condition. LotusPeptide sells it for laboratory research use only._

## Shipping and returns

- Orders are processed and shipped within 1 business day.
- UK and Europe (14 countries): UPS Worldwide Express, $55 flat for a standard package, typically 2 to 5 days in transit; import VAT and duties are paid by the recipient on delivery. Details: https://lotuspeptide.com/uk-eu
- Returns are not accepted.
- Replacements and refunds are offered on damaged or lost items.

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For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. Prices are in US dollars and can change without notice.